Proceedings | Entrepreneurship area | Year 2016
 

Investigating moderating effect of cultural values on entrepreneurial intention

by L. Muminah; Thanaphol Virasa
  
  AIE 2016 Conference in Sydney, Australia

Abstract

Past research suggest there is a relationship between national culture and entrepreneurial activity (Hayton, George, & Zahra, 2002). National culture can shape the development of personality traits of members and affect the level of entrepreneurship in a society (Dickson, 2004). Hofstede (1980) defined national culture as a collective values’ system distinguishing membership of a group (nation) from others, and is reflected through institutional (formal) and cultural values (informal) context. In the research, the focus is on how cultural values (informal context) moderates the relationship between EI with its antecedents empirically by comparing individualism countries and collectivism countries. Cultural values is one of four of Hofstede’s national culture measurements. A number of studies shows that cultural values, instead of power distant, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity, acts as catalyst rather than causal agent in entrepreneurial activity. Accordingly, EI is used as the best single predictor of new venture creation (Krueger, 2000), and is defined as the commitment to start a new business (Krueger, 2000). Since entrepreneurship is the catalyst of economic growth through new jobs creations (Acs, 2006), then investigating the effect of cultural values to EI is interesting to establish policies fit with national context. The impact of cultural value to behavior is reinforced by several studies and have identifiable impact on the strategic behaviors of the organizations (Tihanyi, Griffith, & Russell, 2005). Cultural values links to the strategic decision-making process that occurs within entrepreneurial organizations (Mitchell et al., 2002). As for example, cultures that promotes a higher need for autonomy, achievement (McClelland, 1961), and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986) values higher reward of strong works ethic and risk taking. Accordingly, it makes cultural values matter in shaping personality traits, motives, values, and beliefs of individuals within a society and may influence people to partake in risk-taking behaviors to become entrepreneurs. In summary, cultural values is a determining variable of entrepreneurship in a certain society. The issue has been suggested recently by recent research but the newness of the research is investigating moderating effect of cultural values in a different way (empirically by comparing individualism countries and collectivism countries), but not limited to examining which determinant associated with EI within different cultural values. The objective of the research is to review the literature and propose a new way of testing the effect of cultural value to EI by comparing differences between individualism countries and collectivism countries. The contribution is in two-folds: knowledge development and practical implications. The study contributes to the development of EI modeling as complement to a sub-sequent research on EI modeling. The unit of analysis is individuals and secondary data of GEM research and Globe works are used. Moderator analysis and mediation analysis are tested by using Amos and Process applications. Its structural EI modeling is evaluated to get more explanatory insight in which the determinant associated with EI. The paper is divided into four sections: introduction, literature review, methods and data analyses.